The following quotes supporting prescriptive law were not used in either the content of the book or in the footnotes, but add additional support to the importance and historical use of these laws.

"As the Legitimists admit that if a dynasty occupies a throne for one hundred years without a protest it obtains a prescriptive right [to rule]. . . ."[1] (emphasis added)

Immemorial possession [100 years of rule by the usurper] is legally presumed to have survived all proof of title on either side. . . . . [It is] considered as resting upon . . . a peremptory rule [that is, one which is "absolute and final, not entitled to a delay or reconsideration," which are part of] the law of nations. . . .[2]

In Island of Palmas Case, Clipperton Island Case, Case Concerning the Temple of Preah Vihear, and Case Concerning the Territorial Dispute, the tribunals ruled that a failure to protest the opposing state's sovereignty claim to disputed territory led to a presumption of acquiescence. In Chamizal Arbitration, Legal Status of Eastern Greenland, and Fisheries Case, the tribunals concluded that protests were sufficient to preserve the state's claim to the territory.[3]

". . . In the Champizal Arbitration, [it was held] that 'possession maintained in the teeth of constant opposition did not amount to prescription.'"[4]

Prescriptive title by adverse possession occurs where the identity of the previous sovereign is known, but the state acquiring title has exercised sovereign authority over the territory so long that the previous sovereign is regarded as having forfeited his or her title.[5]

The most usual methods of acquiring territorial jurisdiction [internal sovereignty] on the part of a sovereign state are discovery, occupation, conquest, and cession. To these may be added, for particular cases, prescription and accretion.[6] (emphasis added)

". . . if anyone uninterruptedly possessed a thing or right beyond the memory of man, he should be regarded as its lawful owner or holder."[7]

". . . If anyone uninterruptedly possessed a thing or right beyond the memory of man [beyond a hundred years], he should be regarded as its lawful owner or holder."[8]

Length of possession [by the usurper] raises a presumption of title [or valid ownership by the usurper], because it is not to be supposed that the former owner would allow another to be in possession, unless he had abandoned or ceded his right. . . .[9]

. . . the writers on international law . . . concur[ed] in the opinion that the uninterrupted occupation of territory by one nation for a long period of time should exclude the claim of every other. (Vattel, Law of Nations, Bk. II §149; Wheaton, International Law, §164; 1 Oppenheim, International Law, § 243).[10]

The legitimacy of kings, or rather of governments [whole complete nations or kingdoms] . . . is the effect of long possession, as prescription is a title [or right] to private property. The principle of "legitimacy" in the sense proclaimed by Talleyrand . . . was [prescription or] that which had been consistently upheld . . . as the basic principle of any European juridical system. . . .[11]

"The principle of extinctive prescription (bars of claims by lapse of time) is widely recognized as a general principle of law constituting part of international law; and has been accepted and applied by arbitral tribunals."[12]

"Prescription" is ". . . in both domestic and international law, the effect of the lapse of time in creating and [or] destroying rights."[13]

[In] immemorial possession . . . [the] origin [or true legal status of the former deposed sovereign house] is unknown or uncertain [because of so long a period of time] and it is almost impossible [after such a long period of time – 100 years] to prove its legality or illegality. . . .[15]

Every government [every monarchy] that is not established by military force, or founded on the express consent of the people, must derive its authority from positive law or from long-continued usage [that is] . . . from statute or from prescription. . . .[16]

The state has territorial sovereignty or has the legal right to exercise actual control over part of the earth’s surface [which in internal sovereignty]. This territorial [or internal] sovereignty may be “acquired originally by occupation or by accretion, or derivatively by cession or other consent, by award of international conference, conquest, or prescription.[17]

". . . After so many years of prescription our kings and emperors [forfeit or] have lost all those true and ancient imperial rights [of rulership]. . . ."[18]

"Prescription is the sine qua non [that which is absolutely necessary] . . . to explain the legitimation of regimes with immoral beginnings."[19]

"If a long prescription, without an original title, cannot secure the consciences of kings and subjects, God help the world! For great kingdoms, if traced back to their origin, are great robberies."[20]

". . . It is incontestable that the abandonment may be presumed, in a case of a very long possession not contested or interrupted."[21]

". . . the peace of the public [is] disturbed . . .and civil wars, ever and always attendant on changes in government, [therefore] the general good of mankind [is] inconsistent with the revival of old claims. . . ."[24] This is merely common sense, which is at the root of natural law, the highest law on earth, and ". . . prescriptive rights are perfectly consistent with the natural law.”[25]

Prescription in international law renders a state capable of acquiring sovereignty over a territory which it governs and possesses and has governed and possessed for a very long time cum animo domini (with the intention of acting as master), without contestation. For the sake of general peace it is necessary that the origin of the titles of sovereignties should not always be subject to question; time mends the original defects of acquisition and creates a regular title.[26]

Lapse of time exceeding the memory of man [determined to be 100 years] is commonly deemed sufficient to raise a presumption of abandonment of claim, and it may probably be laid down, not only as a matter of presumption but as an institution of jus gentium voluntarium [implied consent in international law], that possession for time out of mind [100 years], uninterrupted and unchallenged, conveys absolute ownership. A right may thus be transferred from king to king or from people to people by dereliction followed by assumption of possession, as well as by express consent. Even the rights of sovereignty may be so acquired.[27]

Where the possession of the territory is accompanied by emphatic protests on the part of the former sovereign, no title by prescription can arise for such title is founded upon the acquiescence of the dispossessed state, and in such circumstances, consent of third states is of little consequence. However, over a period of time recognition may ultimately validate a defective title, although much will depend upon the circumstances including the attitude of the former sovereign.[28]

Charles Maurice de Talleyrand-Périgord, 1st Sovereign Prince of Beneventum (1754-1838) widely regarded as one of the most influential diplomats in European history, explained, "A sovereign whose state is under conquest (if he be a hereditary sovereign) does not cease to be sovereign, unless he has ceded his right or renounces it, nor does he lose [it] by the conquest. . . . [unless he fails to maintain it through prescription]."[29]

"Immemorial possession [over 100 years in length] creates a conclusive presumptive title; a presumption ‘juris et de jure’ [in law] which does not permit any proof to the contrary. . . ."[30]

Samuel Pufendorf (1632-1694), another one of the founding fathers of international law, states that "prescription" is one of the ways of losing dynastic sovereignty to a usurper. He declares that:

. . . the rightful Prince shall labor to reduce the Rebels to Obedience or at least by solemn declaration shall protest and preserve his right over them; till by long Acquiescence and silence he may be presumed to have given up his claim [which is neglect or legal abandonment which causes a permanent and irretrievable loss of royal and sovereign rights].[31]

Through the operation of adverse possession, the actual exercise of sovereign rights over a period of time is allowed to remedy the original defect in the title to the concerned territory. As the operation of the two concepts, i.e., immemorial possession and acquisitive prescription proper (akin to adverse possession), ultimately produces a single, common outcome – the acquisition of a good title – there is a tendency to lump them together under the head of "acquisitive prescription."[32]

". . . Immemorial prescription clearly extinguishes the right itself, and not merely the power to enforce it by [judicial] action. . . ."[33]

[3] Jon M. Van Dyke, "Who Owns Tok-Do/Takeshima? Should These Islets Affect the Maritime Boundary Between Japan and Korea?," p. 17; 2007: http:/www.kmi.re.kr/data/seminar/20041004-01.pdf.

[4] Husain M. Albaharna, The Legal Status of the Arabian Gulf States: a Study of their Treaty Relations and their International Problems, 1968, p. 191 and D. H. N. Johnson, "Acquisitive Prescription in International Law," British Yearbook of International Law, vol. 27, 1950, 345.

[7] Charles P. Sherman, "Acquisitive Prescription. Its Existing World-Wide Uniformity," The Yale Law Journal, vol. 21, no. 2, December 1911, p. 156.

[8] Charles P. Sherman, "Acquisitive Prescription. Its Existing World-Wide Uniformity," The Yale Law Journal, vol. 21, no. 2, December 1911, p. 156.

[9] Richard Wildman, Institutes of International Law: International Law in Times of Peace, printed in The Law Library, vol. 68, 1850, p. 51-52.

[12] Greenriver Enterprizes Six Nations, Inc., et al., v. United States (Decisions on Objections to Jurisdiction, 20 July 2006.

[14] John Norton Pomeroy, Lectures on International Law in Time of Peace, Theodore Salisbury Woolsey, ed., no. 117, 1886, p. 120.

[18] Quote from Hermann Conring (1606-1681) in Constantin Fasolt, Past Sense — Studies in Medieval and Early Modern European History, 2014, p. 364.

[22] Dennis Canavan as quoted in Angel M. Oliveri López, Key to an Enigma: British Sources Disprove British Claims to the Falkland/Malvinas Islands, 1995, p. 33.

[25] William Sternberg, “Origin of Human Rights,” Marquette Law Review, vol. 24, issue 1, art. 3, December 1, 1939, p. 11.

[26] Fabre, “Des Servitudes dans le Droit International,” 1901, International Servitudes, John Brown Scott, ed., 1910, p. 201.

[28] Seokwoo Lee, "Continuing Relevance of Traditional Modes of Territorial Acquisition in International Law and a Modest Proposal," Connecticut Journal of International Law, Fall 2000, p. 8 and see Charles G. Fenwick, International Law, 4th ed., 1965, p. 351.

[31] Samuel Pufendorf, Of the Law of Nature and Nations, Jean Barbeyrac and William Percivale trans., Book VII, chapter 7, no. 5, p. 577.

[33] Anton Friedrich Justus Thibaut, An Introduction to the Study of Jurisprudence, Nathaniel Lindley, trans., note 1 to 205, 1855, p. 62.